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--- how_to_obtain_packages_using_apt [2022/07/19 20:13] – external edit 127.0.0.1
+++ how_to_obtain_packages_using_apt [2022/07/22 18:06] (current) – admin
@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 ===== APT (Advanced Packaging Tool) =====
 ====About APT====
-APT provides an effective way of installing packages and programs. Default settings are created and in some cases default users are created for managing the services and/or programs. APT handles all shared modules, dependencies and libraries of tools. When installing a program via APT - the default locations within Linux (Debian) should be consulted.<br>The following directories are where files are stored after APT - and are mostly default:<br>
+APT provides an effective way of installing packages and programs. Default settings are created and in some cases default users are created for managing the services and/or programs. APT handles all shared modules, dependencies and libraries of tools. When installing a program via APT - the default locations within Linux (Debian) should be consulted. The following directories are where files are stored after APT - and are mostly default:
-/etc/*         -> stores all scripts (/etc/init.d = Startup Scripts)<br>
+  * /etc/*         -> stores all scripts (/etc/init.d = Startup Scripts)
-/var/*         -> stores things such as temp, logs, www, mail, backups, libraries etc.<br>
+  * /var/*         -> stores things such as temp, logs, www, mail, backups, libraries etc.
-/usr/*         -> stores bin files which can be executed using ./<br>
+  * /usr/*         -> stores bin files which can be executed using .
-/home/*        -> stores all user home files.<br>
+  * /home/*        -> stores all user home files.
-<br>
 ====General Use:====
 To download Updates and All Package Information for Debian Sarge
-**apt-get update**
+<code>
+apt-get update
+</code>
 To upgrade All Packages and Sources
-**apt-get upgrade** and/or
+<code>
-**apt-get install**
+apt-get upgrade
+#and/or
+apt-get install
+</code>
 To Install an Individual Package
-**apt-get install package**
+<code>
+apt-get install package
+</code>
 To Remove an Individual Package
-**apt-get remove package**
+<code>
+apt-get remove package
+</code>
 To Show Information on a Particular Package
-**apt-cache show package**
+<code>
+apt-cache show package
+</code>
 To Search for New Packages (apart from web search)
-**apt-cache search package**
+<code>
+apt-cache search package
+</code>
 APT runs ontop of dpkg (front end) - a Package Manager
 To List Packages and perform more detailed operations:
-**dpkg -l** or
+<code>
-**dpkg -l | grep package**<br>
+dpkg -l
-<br>
+#or
+dpkg -l | grep package
+</code>
 ====Problems with APT====
-Even though APT is meant to provide an effective way to install packages etc., problems were experienced. Problems arose due to incorrect apt-get installing in the beginning and also due to suggests etc. with mail.<br>
+Even though APT is meant to provide an effective way to install packages etc., problems were experienced. Problems arose due to incorrect apt-get installing in the beginning and also due to suggests etc. with mail.
-Pine was initially installed. Postfix and Courier were installed then. Pine suddenly dropped off, or was uninstalled due to dependancies & incomplete knowledge of what was happening. Care MUST be taken with apt. What was done in this case to fix pine, was to download a .deb package from the pine homepage. It was installed via:<br>
-dpkg -i package.deb <br>Another related problem is the fact that Horde does not want to install via apt-get after Mailserver install and config.<br>
-//edit: Dont know if pine is available via apt-get due to licencing issues//
+Pine was initially installed. Postfix and Courier were installed then. Pine suddenly dropped off, or was uninstalled due to dependancies & incomplete knowledge of what was happening. Care MUST be taken with apt. What was done in this case to fix pine, was to download a .deb package from the pine homepage. It was installed via:
-----
+<code>
+dpkg -i package.deb
+</code>
+Another related problem is the fact that Horde does not want to install via apt-get after Mailserver install and config. #edit: Dont know if pine is available via apt-get due to licencing issues
 ====Config for APT====
-apt config is located at: /etc/apt<br>
+apt config is located at: /etc/apt
 . The following is required if using a proxy server to access the internet:
- **apt.conf** (May have to write a new file)
+<code>
+ vi /etc/apt/apt.conf (May have to write a new file)
  Acquire::http::Proxy "http://proxy:port";
+</code>
 . To obtain apt packages fast from the nearest mirror (should be done from initial set-up) sources.list can be edited. It is also determined whether to use "STABLE" or "TESTING" apt source packages.
- **sources.list** (Should be OK as is)
+<code>
- deb http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/ stable main
+sources.list (Should be OK as is)
- deb-src http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/ stable main
+deb http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/ stable main
+deb-src http://ftp.ie.debian.org/debian/ stable main
+</code>
-Instead of Configuring Step 1. for using a Proxy server, an environment variable can also be set. This is useful if using links or a text based browser.<br>
+Instead of Configuring Step 1. for using a Proxy server, an environment variable can also be set. This is useful if using links or a text based browser.
+<code>
 <root@debian>>~$ export http_proxy="http://proxy:port"
+</code>
 ==== Apt Pinning (installing stable and testing packages together)====
 The following is taken from an excellent article on this:
 http://jaqque.sbih.org/kplug/apt-pinning.html
 Include both stable and testing sources to /etc/apt/sources.list
+<code>
  vi /etc/apt/sources.list
@@ Line 81: / Line 112: @@
  Pin: release a=unstable
  Pin-Priority: 600
+</code>
 Thats it.
+<code>
  apt-get install package (works as normal taking stable first)
  apt-get -t testing install <package>
  #or
  apt-get install <package>/unstable
+</code>
 ===== dpkg - Debian Package Manager =====
@@ Line 92: / Line 125: @@
 ==== Install a .deb package manually ====
+<code>
  dpkg -i package.deb
- <nowiki>//</nowiki>generally the .deb can be downloaded from debian.org
+ #generally the .deb can be downloaded from debian.org
+</code>
 ==== Find where a package installs itself ====
+<code>
  dpkg -L package
+</code>
+==== Remove / Uninstall a package ====
+<code>
+apt-get remove package
+#OR
+apt-get purge package
+#The latter removes and purges all config files.
+#Note after removing the one package, extra ones which were installed at the time will remain. To remove them also:
+apt autoremove
+</code>
 ===== APT Guru Tricks =====
 Taken from: http://maketecheasier.com/become-an-apt-guru/2009/02/24/
+<code>
  dpkg -S /etc/mysql/my.cnf
  #shows which package created a particular file.
@@ Line 110: / Line 157: @@
  echo "(packagename) hold" | dpkg --set-selections
  #both these do the same thing, i.e. prevent a package from been updated.
+</code>